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Most new runners assume that the best way to improve is simply to run greater

英语试题 05-02
 Most new runners assume that the best way to improve is simply to run greater and greater distances.  While it’s true that going farther and faster will improve your running skills, most coaches and trainers will advise some level of strength training as well.  Focusing on your core is a common suggestion.  A recent study seems to back this up.  In the Journal of Biomechanics, researchers investigated a symptom that has long confused runners from beginners to experienced ones.  A good number of runners, 14 percent to be exact, experience gradual lower back pain.  The results of the new study seem to suggest that weak deep core muscles might be to blame.  When these muscles aren’t strong enough, the study found, muscles on other areas of the body kick in to keep the runner up-right, eventually leading to back pain.
To understand the role that these muscles play, the researchers had eight volunteers with minimal running experience run along an indoor track.  High-speed cameras and 3D motion detectors analyzed which muscles moved, and how much.  Once they created a working computer model for each runner, the scientists imitated what would happen if certain deep muscles were weaker, or shut off completely.  As it turns out, when a person can’t use their deep core muscles very well, their bodies still want (and need) to maintain a good running form, and uses surface muscles to do so.
What’s wrong with that? A muscle is a muscle, right? Not exactly.  While the surface muscles are often targeted in workouts - they give you a six-pack (六块腹肌), after all - they are pretty useless when it comes to supporting your spine (脊柱).  The deeper core muscles, which essentially lie beneath and can’t be seen from the outside, do all the heavy spinal lifting.
It’s important to note that even when you’ve made these muscles super strong, you won’t likely notice visible results.  But they will probably help you run better and definitely help prevent potential back pain.  Perhaps throwing a nice long plank (平板支撑) may work.
28. Why do most new runners want to run farther and faster?
A. Because they think it can improve running skills.
B. Because some coaches and trainers advise them to do so.
C. Because a recent study proves it to be helpful.
D. Because it’s a kind of useful strength training.
29. What does the new study show us when people do the running?
A. 14 percent of the runners have weak muscles.
B. The muscles on other areas lead to back pain.
C. Strong deep core muscles can prevent back pain.
D. The beginning runners usually have weak core muscles.
30. What happens when people do the running?
A. A working computer model can be created.
B. Certain deep muscles become weaker.
C. They use both deep and surface muscles.
D. Deep core muscles probably function first.
31. What can we infer from the text?
A. Doing a long plank can benefit the runners.
B. The spine is supported by the deep muscles.
C. Training the six-pack is useless.
D. Super strong muscles can’t be seen.

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